For a number of conditions, such as thyroid cancer, Graves' disease, multinodular goiter, and substernal goiter, among others, a total thyroidectomy may be performed. In some circumstances, the surgeon may decide to do a near-total thyroidectomy, usually sparing the parathyroid glands and recurrent laryngeal nerve, by leaving a little amount of thyroid tissue behind. Patients will require thyroid hormone replacement therapy (one pill per day for the rest of their lives) following a complete thyroidectomy. A thyroid lobectomy may be performed for a number of conditions, such as substernal goiter, a growing thyroid nodule, ambiguous lesions on fine needle biopsy, toxic nodules, and others. In cases of indeterminate lesions, some surgeons refer to a thyroid lobectomy as a diagnostic lobectomy because the main purpose of the operation is to make a diagnosis – cancer or benign thyroid disease. The final pathology is ready approximately 1 week after the operation.
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